41.   Companies can either issue new shares when setting up ADR programs or use ones already traded at home.

42.   Companies that thought they could dig out by selling off assets or by issuing more shares have found themselves trapped by falling stock valuations.

43.   Companies regularly issue new shares of stock for executive- and employee-compensation plans.

44.   Companies that issue H shares are subject to much more stringent disclosure requirements and therefore attract money from Western institutional investors.

45.   Company shareholders have grown increasingly concerned that Gazprom is losing value through asset sales and by issuing more shares on conditions unfavorable to the company.

46.   Compared with a traditional offering, this approach would probably mean higher prices when going public and, therefore, more money for the company issuing the shares.

47.   Dilution of shares happens as more shares are issued by a company.

48.   Earnings per share fell because Aetna issued shares to buy U.S. Healthcare.

49.   ECE also plans to issue shares in coming weeks to fund its expansion program.

50.   Each Excel shareholder will be issued one share of the combined company.