31.   If top management is presented with a finite completion date, the risk in RandD project investments is being evaluated by the project leader.

32.   The main functions in an engineering manufacturing company are commercial, RandD, manufacturing, financial control and top management.

33.   Top management is represented by the centre circle and has the responsibility of arriving at and promulgating the corporate plan defining the company objectives.

34.   This is because of the many other commitments of RandD, a fact not always grasped by top management.

35.   Top management is clearly very important to the organisation, and managers are realising that management information systems can help them make better decisions.

36.   Information to help top management make these decisions could be provided by the decision-support system.

37.   Middle management will ensure that the goals set by top management are being met.

38.   The information systems project will affect the whole organisation and, as we have seen, it is necessary to include top management in the team.