31.   This chapter has identified some features of the advanced capitalist state that are relevant for an understanding of the logic of state enterprises.

32.   This is, of course, a problem of central importance to the case of state enterprises, and forms a major thread of the following chapter.

33.   The state enterprises in both countries have had a considerable economic weight in terms of contribution to GNP, employment and investment.

34.   For most of this period, transfers to the state enterprises amounted to more than the total public deficit.

35.   State enterprises are hybrid organizations, as their name implies, being in some ways akin to private enterprises while still being part of the state.

36.   As this passage suggests, the contradictory pressures on the state enterprise are increased by the way objectives are defined through the political process.

37.   Conflicts among these state power centres are common, leading to confusion of objectives, or even mutually conflicting political messages for state enterprises.

38.   The turnover of individual government ministers responsible for setting objectives of state enterprises in their domain is even more rapid.

39.   The holding company form has been used to provide a buffer between the state enterprises themselves and political direction by the state.

40.   Financial constraints on investment were relatively unimportant and only developed subsequently as political concern with state enterprise deficits prompted efforts for greater commercialism.