31.   Smith acknowledged that Medicare cuts will mean higher costs for well-off seniors.

32.   Switching to lower-quality water means substantial costs to Silicon Valley businesses because they have to upgrade their treatment facilities.

33.   That also means lower costs for every network user, including Internet access providers and cable TV and telephone companies.

34.   That could mean cutting costs, switching products, or a combination of both.

35.   That means lower costs for disk-drive makers.

36.   The closure also means additional costs to a city already so financially strapped that Congress recently voted to turn its fiscal responsibilities over to an independent control board.

37.   The costs of speculation by some are borne by long-term holders of all funds, meaning higher costs for all investors.

38.   The delays mean increased costs for businesses, higher prices for consumers and a tangled lifeline for trade-minded California.

39.   The higher premiums mean higher costs for employers and, in many cases, for employees, he said.

40.   The lower spreads mean lower costs for investors, because Nasdaq investors generally do not trade directly with one another.