31.   In Africa, which has also had its share of border disputes, boundaries were drawn arbitrarily by colonial powers and often slice right through traditional tribal homelands.

32.   In each case, neighboring countries, rather than former colonial powers or international bodies, have taken a stand against anarchy and begun to turn the tide.

33.   It accused the opposition of being a front for the white farmers and Britain, the former colonial power.

34.   Islands were snapped up in a day by colonial powers, whose plantation owners and merchants then rearranged the population.

35.   It has no history of being a colonial power, nor an aggressor state.

36.   It stormed into the outskirts of Shanghai itself before being routed by the Qing forces aided by the Western colonial powers.

37.   Many are of former colonial powers such as Britain, Germany and France.

38.   Modern Africa has been riddled with such conflicts since the colonial powers saddled the continent with arbitrary borders.

39.   Model hot-pursuit agreements were also submitted in January to France and the Netherlands, the other two colonial powers in the region, and are under consideration.

40.   Neither Rwanda nor Zaire is likely to accept forces overseen by former colonial power France.