21.   Towards this end subsidies for state enterprises would be abolished.

22.   The new policy shifted emphasis away from fighting inflation, aiming to halt recession through greater investment in state enterprises and by boosting exports.

23.   Only Turkmen citizens would be allowed to work in state enterprises, and Russian would no longer be the official language for inter-ethnic communication.

24.   Meanwhile, a mechanism to sell off debt or property of net debtors, meshing with the privatization of state enterprises, was to go ahead.

25.   On this thesis, state enterprise is the path to local accumulation, but it falls far short of meeting the needs of the masses.

26.   These arguments apply with particular force to the study of state enterprises.

27.   Thus the industrial relations outcomes of external pressures on state enterprises will be filtered through existing industrial relations structures.

28.   It will be argued in later chapters, for example, that processes within state enterprises act back upon the wider political context and modify its impact.

29.   This allows exploration of the impact of differing political ideologies and political alliances on the readjustments taking place in the state enterprise sector.

30.   The final chapter summarizes the themes of the book and attempts to synthesize the arguments about the nature of state enterprise industrial relations at a time of change.