21.   Add the shortening and incorporate with your fingertips until the mixture resembles very coarse cornmeal.

22.   Cut in butter until mixture resembles bread crumbs.

23.   Cut in butter until mixture resembles coarse crumbs.

24.   Cut in butter until the mixture resembles oatmeal flakes.

25.   Cut in butter with a pastry cutter until mixture resembles crumbs.

26.   Cut in butter until mixture resembles coarse meal.

27.   Cut in butter with pastry blender or two knives until mixture resembles coarse crumbs.

28.   Cut in shortening with a pastry blender until the mixture resembles coarse meal.

29.   Cut in shortening with pastry blender or knife until mixture resembles coarse meal.

30.   Cut in the shortening with two knives until the mixture resembles coarse meal.