11.   Local authorities and aid groups say the recent violence began when a few rich Hema sought to extend the reach of their plantations onto land occupied by Lendu.

12.   Palestinians and Israeli leaders also are to discuss rival proposals for an inquiry into how the spiraling violence began and how to restore security cooperation.

13.   Since the violence began, Arafat has not set foot in the West Bank.

14.   Six Israelis also have died since the violence began.

15.   The latest violence began three weeks ago, when a Muslim mob set fire to a train carrying hard-line Hindus.

16.   The Israelis also said the Palestinian police were making a visible effort to prevent shooting for the first time since the violence began in late September.

17.   The violence began weeks ago with Palestinians hurling stones at Israeli troops, who answered with gunfire.

18.   The violence began in late September after Sharon made a heavily guarded and publicized trip to the plaza adjoining the mosques in the contested holy center of Jerusalem.

19.   The violence began after a car in a Lubavitcher motorcade accidentally struck and killed a black child.

20.   The violence began with clashes between a Yoruba group and Hausa merchants.