11.   He has refused to name the donors despite repeated appeals from his party to help clear up the scandal.

12.   He has refused to name the donors, saying he promised them anonymity.

13.   He has steadfastly refused to name the donors, despite demands from his own Christian Democratic party and parliament investigators, saying he gave his word.

14.   He refused to name the donors.

15.   His refusal to name the donors has fed speculation that donations were given in exchange for favors from his government -- something Kohl has repeatedly denied.

16.   His refusal to name the donors sparked a parliamentary probe into whether the cash influenced government decisions -- something Kohl has repeatedly denied.

17.   In two appearances before a parliamentary committee examining whether his government sold favors, he has responded with aggressive defiance and refused to name the donors.

18.   Kohl has steadfastly refused to name the donors, while insisting his government never sold favors.

19.   The bill, approved by an overwhelming majority in the Senate on Thursday, would leave many interest groups free to continue broadcasting commercials without naming their donors.

20.   Under current law, they also are not required to name their donors.