11.   The authoritarian leader resigned in May amid riots and protests.

12.   The NAP leader resigned his premiership last November amid deteriorating confidence in his leadership to steer the country out of its worst economic crisis in decades.

13.   The party leader has resigned his post in a maneuver to sideline them and reassert his authority when a new executive board is chosen.

14.   Though he has not been directly implicated in the scandal, Japanese leaders often resign to take responsibility for the mistakes of those below them.

15.   An opposition leader Thursday resigned from the parliament after admitting he took money from a businessman implicated in a corruption scandal which has sullied the reputation of many politicians.

16.   Campbell took over the leadership of the Liberals when former leader Gordon Wilson resigned to form a new political party, the Democratic Progressive Alliance.

17.   The opposition has called on the Serbian leader to resign.

18.   Karadzic handed over power to vice-president Biljana Plavsic, but international reactions were cautious until the Serb leader formally resigns and ends his influence in Serb affairs.