11.   This is a standard laboratory technique, but experts fear mouse cells could transmit viruses when the stem cells are transplanted into people.

12.   This is a standard laboratory technique, but it raises concerns about safety, because the cells could harbor viruses that would infect people.

13.   To isolate the DNA, researchers used a laboratory technique known as polymerase chain reaction, or PCR.

14.   Using a new laboratory technique called reverse genetics, they were able to pinpoint two mutated genes in the lethal strain.

15.   Manual sequencing using the conventional laboratory techniques can be very tedious and time-consuming.