11.   Former Haitian ruler Gen. Raoul Cedras, the face of the coup, lives in Panama, which will not turn him over to Haitian authorities.

12.   He has allowed the former military ruler, Gen. Robert Guei, also a Christian, to remain free, even though the military regime committed many atrocities.

13.   Here, the former rulers have been co-opted into an awkward partnership, sealed by forgiveness.

14.   However, they said any tests of the former ruler for mental illness would be humiliating and unacceptable.

15.   In Ghana, a former military ruler, Jerry Rawlings, has accepted the ground rules of democracy.

16.   It was desperate not to do worse than Japan, its former colonial ruler.

17.   Kabila had toppled the former ruler in Congo, then known as Zaire, with the help of Rwanda and Uganda.

18.   Liberia, which was founded by black Americans, looks to the United States as Sierra Leone looks to Britain, the former colonial ruler.

19.   Niger, a landlocked country twice the size of its former colonial ruler, France, still wrestles with the problems of how to reintegrate its nomads.

20.   One of his first decisions was to endorse the pardon of two former Korean military rulers, including one who tried to have him killed.