11.   Born in New York City, Dr. Lidsky graduated from Cornell University and attended the graduate program in nuclear engineering at MIT, where he earned his doctorate.

12.   Born in the Netherlands, he studied at the University of Utrecht, earning doctorates there and at the University of California at Berkeley.

13.   A former shoeshine boy who grew up in a poor family, Toledo earned a doctorate in economics from Stanford University.

14.   A native of Quincy, Ill., he was a graduate of Northwestern University and of Harvard University, where he earned his doctorate.

15.   A San Antonio native, Perrotta has spent most of his career in Texas, earning his doctorate from the University of Texas School of Public Health.

16.   A year later, he earned a doctorate in public administration from University of Southern California.

17.   After earning a doctorate in American Culture from Michigan, Olasky went to work in public relations for DuPont.

18.   After earning a doctorate in horticulture, Zary spent five years breeding string beans for Sun Seeds in Minnesota.

19.   After graduating, he moved to New York City, produced documentary films and earned his doctorate at New York University.

20.   After Oxford, he earned a doctorate in philosophy at Columbia University and later became dean of the divinity school at Duke University.