11.   Few experts expect the court to retreat from its position that race cannot be used as the predominant factor in drawing districts.

12.   He said race should not be the main factor in drawing districts except in extraordinary circumstances.

13.   In holding that the motive for drawing the district was mainly partisan politics rather than race, the ruling gave welcome breathing room to legislatures and lower courts.

14.   In much of the South, the number of black voters in a state is the key element in drawing congressional districts.

15.   In recent decisions regarding the use of race in drawing electoral districts, however, the U.S. Supreme Court and several other courts have created some confusion.

16.   In states with large cities, like New York, the differences between those two sets of figures would considerably affect the way districts are drawn.

17.   Instead, we could create non-partisan commissions to draw districts based on clear criteria that do not include protecting incumbents.

18.   More people in Democratic areas gives congressional map-makers the ability to draw more districts that are staunchly Democratic or leaning that way.

19.   More people in Democratic areas gives officials the ability to draw more districts that are staunchly Democratic or leaning that way.

20.   Murphy said he is fairly certain the congressional seats held by blacks will be protected as new districts are drawn.