11.   Sandy Berger, the deputy national security adviser, was the behind-the-scenes crisis manager.

12.   She has been to a nearby hotel where American has brought in scores of psychologists and crisis managers from Miami and San Juan.

13.   The advice may be hard to swallow, but some crisis managers and marketing specialists suggest Coca-Cola should settle an employment discrimination lawsuit filed against the company.

14.   The company has not brought in outside public relations advisers or crisis managers to coordinate the rallies, he said.

15.   Those crisis managers are actually existing staff members.

16.   Whether coordinating relief efforts or consoling survivors, the peripatetic mayor in his baseball cap has been the consummate crisis manager.

17.   Good companies have emergency reponse manuals and on-going training to help crisis managers begin work.